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The Silawat (Urdu: سلاوٹ‎) are a Muslim community found in the province of Sindh in Pakistan^{[citation needed]} and the state of Rajasthan in India.^[1] They are also known as Sangtarash and Gazdar, especially in Sindh.

• 2Clan structure

History and origin[edit]

The Silawat were a community historically associated with the occupation of stonemasons and builders. The word Silawat is a corruption of the Sanskritslipwat, literally signifying a follower of the Hindu god Slip-shastar, who is traditionally associated with the art of architecture. They were also known by the name Sootardhar from the Sanskrit soot meaning a thread, which they kept for measurements.^{[citation needed]}

The Silawat have two major divisions - the Mertia and the Nagauri - so called after the towns of Merta and Nagaur. But there are also groups such as the Khalji and Behlim, claim Turkic ancestry while Sayyid claim Arabian ancestry. This possibly reflects the fact that the Silawat are of a heterogeneous origin, incorporating a number of groups who took to the profession of stonemasons. The community is now bound by the rules of endogamy, and there is also no intermarriage with non Silawats.^{[citation needed]}

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Clan structure[edit]

Mertia Godwad Silawat[edit]

The Mertia Silawat have the following clans:^{[citation needed]}

The first five gotras claim descent from Muslim immigrants, the other claim descent from well known Rajput tribes.^{[citation needed]}

Nagauri Silawat[edit]

The Nagauri Silawat have the following sub-divisions:

Religion and customs[edit]

The Silawat are a SunniHanafi Sufism Muslim community, with many particular customs, like the making of joyful public announcement by a common man or woman through beating a dish with a spoon or something loudly for making huge sound that can be heard publicly. In Rajasthan, they speak the Marwari dialect of Hindi. Most educated members of the community are also conversant in Urdu. In Sindh, although the community still speaks Marwari, most Silawat now also speak Sindhi, Urdu and English.^{[citation needed]}

The Silawat in India are a strictly endogamous community, practising mainly parallel cousin marriage. They also tend to occupy distinct neighbourhoods in the towns and cities they live in. Each of their settlement also contains an informal caste council, known as a biradari panchayat, which acted as instrument of social control. The Silawat have now set up an India-wide caste association known as the Silawat Anjuman. This acts mainly as a community welfare association.^[1]

Distribution[edit]

In Rajasthan, the Silawat are an urban based community, found mainly in the cities of Jaipur, Jodhpur, Sikar, Jhunjhunu, Nagaur and Churu in Rajasthan and Ahmednagar in Maharashtra.^{[citation needed]}

In Sindh, the Silawat are concentrated in the cities of Karachi and Hyderabad. The city of Hyderabad is a particular stronghold of this community.^[2]Muhammad Hashim Gazdar, a former Mayor of Karachi belonged to the Silawat community.^[3]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^ ^abPeople of India Rajasthan Volume XXXVIII Part Three edited by B.K Lavania, D. K Samanta, S K Mandal & N.N Vyas Popular Prakashan pages 914 to 916
2. ^Politics in Sindh, 1907-1940 : Muslim identity and the demand for Pakistan / Allen Keith Jones Oxford University Press
3. ^Muhammad Hashim Gazdar - Dawn

Balada Shalawat (Ballad of Salah) is an Islamicreligious album released in 2010 by Gita Gutawa. It was arranged, orchestrated and produced by Erwin Gutawa and published by Sony Music Indonesia. Written as a way to 'bring people to pray and praise Allah', the album included two new songs and six covers or rearrangements. The proceeds from album sales were to be donated to the poor.

Writing[edit]

According to Erwin Gutawa, Balada Shalawat was written to bring Allah's word to the public through music, which the orchestral music serving to 'bring people to pray and praise His greatness'.^[A][1] He also said that it was made as a way to give back to the community after the commercial success of Gita's previous albums, Gita Gutawa and Harmoni Cinta.^[2]

Production[edit]

Balada Shalawat was arranged, orchestrated, and produced by Erwin Gutawa, Gita Gutawa's father. It was recorded in Aluna Studio.^[1] Recording took one year, although it was not intensive.^[2]

Gita collaborated with her father in writing two songs, 'Lelaki Sempurna' and 'Kisah 8 Dirham'. Other songs were covers or rereleases. 'Ketika Tangan dan Kaki Berkata' was originally released sung by Chrisye for Kala Cinta Menggoda and 'Selamat Idul Fitri' had previously been sung in duet with Hadad Alwi for a concert.^[1][2]

The songs 'Lelaki Sempurna' and 'Kisah 8 Dirham' were both inspired by Muhammad.^[3] 'Lelaki Sempurna' is based on Muhammad's personality, 'truthful, trustworthy, smart, and diligent'.^[B][4] 'Kisah 8 Dirham tells of a trip made by Muhammad to a market, where he gladly donates all of his money to the poor and is thus unable to purchase new clothes.^[1] It was written after Gita heard Uztad Fikri's retelling of the story.^[5]

Prior to recording the Arabic-language 'Balada Shalawat', Gita was coached by an Ustad, a respected teacher of Islam, in the proper pronunciation.^[5]

The song 'Ketika Tangan dan Kaki Berkata' was based on the Islamic view of the Last Judgment and verse 65 of Surah Ya Sin,^[6] which reads:

'Today we shall seal the mouths of the infidels, and their hands will speak to us, and their feet will bear witness to what (evils) they used to earn.'^[7]

Two different orchestras provided music. The Prague Philharmonic Orchestra played on 'Balada Shalawat', 'Ketika Tangan dan Kaki Berkata', and 'Selamat Idul Fitri'. The Victorian Philharmonic Orchestra provided music for 'Salam Ramadhan'.^[1]

Track listing[edit]

Styles[edit]

'Ketika Tangan dan Kaki Berkata' is accompanied by orchestral music that, together with Gita's soprano voice, 'emphasises [its] depth of meaning'.^[D] 'Balada Shalawat' is accompanied by more classical music.^[5]

Release and Reception[edit]

Balada Shalawat was released in August 2010, during Ramadhan, with all profits from the sales to be donated to the destitute.^[2] 'Lelaki Sempurna' and 'Kisah 8 Dirham' were released as singles.^[8]

A music video was produced for 'Balada Shalawat', with a Ramadhan theme. It was directed by Rizal Montavani and shot in Kota Tua, Jakarta.^[9]

Notes[edit]

1. ^Original: '.. semoga kemegahan orkestra bisa mengantarkan orang untuk bersalawat memuji kebesaran-Nya'.
2. ^Original: '.. jujur, dapat dipercaya, cerdas dan rajin'.
3. ^Live version, from the Kotak Musik Gita Gutawa Concert
4. ^Original: '.. membuat lagu ini terasa dalam maknanya'.

References[edit]

1. ^ ^abcdeBalada Shalawat (booklet). Gita Gutawa. Jakarta: Sony Music Indonesia. 2010.CS1 maint: others (link)
2. ^ ^abcd'Gita Gutawa Bersedekah Lewat 'Balada Shalawat'' [Gita Gutawa Donates With 'Balada Shalawat']. KapanLagi.com (in Indonesian). 14 August 2011. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
3. ^Mega Laraswati (16 August 2011). 'Gita Gutawa Ibadah dan Bersedekah Lewat `Balada Shalawat`' [Gita Gutawa Prays and Donates With 'Balada Shalawat']. Boleh.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 30 March 2012. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
4. ^Mega Laraswati (16 August 2011). 'Kriteria Lelaki Sempurna Gita Gutawa' [Gita Gutawa's Criteria for a Perfect Man]. Boleh.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 30 March 2012. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
5. ^ ^abc'Gita Gutawa Lepas Album Balada Shalawat' [Gita Gutawa Releases the Album Balada Shalawat]. Bali Post (in Indonesian). 16 August 2010. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
6. ^Taufik Ismail. 'Ketika Mulut Tak Lagi Berkata'. University of Indonesia. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
7. ^'Surrah Yasin'(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 17 March 2014. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
8. ^Eko Hendrawan Sofyan (14 August 2011). 'Gita Gutawa: Album untuk Kemanusiaan' [Gita Gutawa: Album for Humanity]. Kompas (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 14 January 2012. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
9. ^'Gita Gutawa Banyak Permintaan' [Gita Gutawa: Many Requests]. Cekricek.co.id. 16 August 2011. Archived from the original on 25 August 2010. Retrieved 12 August 2011.